The holy grail of commonality threatens all three versions of the F-35. It may bring them all down.
<b>England Says STOVL Version of JSF Is 'Critical Design' of Entire Program </b>(Posted: Tuesday, April 06, 2004)
[Defense Daily, April 6, 2004]
By Lorenzo Cortes
The overall success of the multi-service, multinational F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) produced by Lockheed Martin [LMT] relies on the performance of the short takeoff, vertical landing (STOVL) variant, according to Secretary of the Navy Gordon England, who cited it as the "critical design" of the program.
"STOVL has a more difficult design challenge but it also has the greatest payoff--it is the critical design in Joint Strike Fighter," England said recently in an interview with SAS Daily. "We know that we can design a carrier airplane, and we know we can design conventional airplanes. We're doing that today. The challenge is to design a STOVL airplane and maintain a high degree of commonality with the other two versions."
The current plan is to proceed with the conventional takeoff and landing (CTOL) type, followed by the STOVL version and then finishing with the Navy's carrier variant (CV).
The STOVL variant in particular is slated for use by the Marine Corps, Britain's Royal Air Force (RAF) and Royal Navy (RN) and might constitute the bulk of international sales, given its advertised ability to operate in demanding environments. Air Force Secretary James Roche and Air Force Chief of Staff Gen. John Jumper said last month that their service would study acquisition of the STVOL as well as CTOL (Defense Daily, Feb. 13).
Britain picked the STOVL variant of JSF after considering it over the CV to meet its Future Joint Combat Aircraft requirement to replace the RAF's GR7 Harriers and the RN's FA2 Sea Harriers (Defense Daily, Oct. 1, 2002). Britain could acquire as many as 150 STOVLs for RAF and RN requirements. The Air Force has not made an explicit reference to actually how many STVOL JSFs it would eventually acquire from Lockheed Martin if it decided to make a purchase. The Marines could acquire a few hundred JSFs to replace its Boeing [BA] AV-8B Harrier II fleet.
Earlier this year, the Pentagon announced that it was adding another $5 billion to development costs and delaying the program by one year, mostly to address lingering weight issues (Defense Daily, Jan.

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England indicated the delay cost a "gigantic" amount of money. "In my judgment it was better to do that now and get a better design integrity so we don't have problems later."
As concerns about the STOVL exceeding desired weight metrics mounted, the Pentagon considered a re-sequencing of the production run that could have placed the STOVL at the end of the line (Defense Daily, Feb. 20). After deliberating the issue, the JSF Joint Program Office (JPO) opted to keep the sequence in its present form (Defense Daily, March 18). The CTOL and CV variants still meet their key performance parameters despite being overweight, England said.
The Navy does not necessarily have to consider direct acquisition of the STOVL like the Air Force is pondering given the Navy-Marine Corps tacair integration plan. "We have no plans on the Navy side, the Department of the Navy," England said. "But you have to keep in mind, we have integrated Naval air [and] Marine air." A Marine colonel is taking the reins of one of the future carrier air wings, he noted.
"When we have them in the Department of the Navy--they're here regardless of where you put them because we're integrating the force," England said.